A major part of Iran is mountanious and mass movements and landslides are one of the environmental hazards in mountains.Southern slopes of central Binaloud are more susceptible to landslides, and every year there are damages to farms and rural settelments due to landslides. These factors include: Geological formation, intensive landuse and humidity of area. This paper has paid attention to the effects of landslides using Anbalagan method and specified unit subbasin element weights and ranks of landslide hazards. According to the maps and field study with GPS landslide hazard maps were drawn and results showed that about 64% of the area was located in intensive landslide hazard zone. A knowledge on the landslide hazard potentials might be of great importance for regional decision makers.

In this research, by presenting a new method using the generalized linear model, the long term effects of climate change on rainfall changes in the Shoor basin under B1, A2 and A1B scenarios were investigated in three periods of 30 years up to 2090 horizons Using the data of daily precipitation and monthly temperature in the base period (1971-2000) in 13 synoptic stations, using generalized linear models, the incident model and the amount of precipitation simulated and used for fine Exponential scale of GCM model data was used. Of the 20 models provided by the CCCSN database, a wide range of climate change changes were introduced. The generalized linear models, by linking the climate and rainfall variables, provide a fine-scale scaling-up of the outputs of the GCM models. The results of the implementation of the generalized linear model show that only two models of INGV-SXG, BCM2. 0 are suitable for producing future scenario scenarios. The results also indicate a decrease in rainfall and a rise in temperature in the coming periods. The highest percentage of monthly rainfall reduction has taken place in the summer season than the base period. Accordingly, the maximum average monthly precipitation during the period 2030-2001, 25. 22%, during the 2031-2060 period, 37. 5% and 2061-2061, between 35. 58% and the base period of the forecast It will be.

Salt hills in Zagros Mountains are one of the most important areas that have Diaper phenomenon in Iran and the world. Kakan region is of Hormuz diaper series that have devastating effects on water and soil quality and from the view point of natural resources has not been introduced. Therefore, in order to determine the obvious impact of diapers on water and soil resources, water and soil sampling was made. The sampling of water samples were taken during different times and places, and randomly. So that density of the samples was more in the adjacent of diaper. Also in each sampling point, water flow rate was measured. Analysis results and the chemical properties of soil and water samples showed that although the studied diapers are not extensive and a small part of the river passes through it, but it is the only factor for Stalinization of the water of Shor river, and according to hydrological and hydro geological conditions, its effects can be different. In fact, the diapers studied in this area were active that depending on the weather conditions can have severe damages in the area. Also results of statistical analysis showed a significant difference between water quality characteristics of the river before and after the rainfall. Also the results of correlation matrix showed a significant relationship between water quality characteristics with the flow rate after the rainfall and no significant difference was observed before the rainfall. Due to the small effective area on water quality and its soil degradation, it can be said that by controlling the water of saline springs and also by creating plant coverages in waterways in the diapered area, the amount of water and soil degradation in this region and in the downstream regions will decrease.

Introduction The watershed acts as a hydrological unit regulating the quantity and quality of the water cycle, and human beings have incurred high costs due to ignorance of this complex cycle and lack of planning of projects in terms of the relationship between water management and community development. Knowledge of features such as maximum flood discharge is essential for the design of hydraulic structures, such as dams, spillways, bridges, and culverts, in order to reduce potential damages and predict when peak discharges will be reached in the downstream areas when discussing flood warning. Rainfall-runoff modeling is one of the key tools in hydrology to achieve flood characteristics, such as peak rate and peak time. In current research, the performance of IHACRES model using "Hydromad" R package has been implemented to simulate flow in the Shoor river basin in Ghaen on a monthly scale. The model simulation was done to investigate the effect of selecting "ARMAX" and "EXPUH" methods in the linear part of the target function. Also, the modeling process and the optimized values of the model parameters were investigated. Materials and Methods The Shoor river basin with an area of 2412. 92 square kilometers located in Ghaen between 59 degrees and 12 minutes to 59 degrees and 14 minutes east longitude and 33 degrees and 42 minutes to 33 degrees and 45 minutes north latitude. The study catchment with an average altitude of 1420 m above sea level and an average long-term annual rainfall of 173 mm has a dry climate. This river is the largest river in Ghaenat city which flows into Khaf Salt field. In this research, the IHACRES model was implemented using the Hydromad R package. To perform the flow simulation, precipitation, flow rate and temperature data on a monthly scale during the years 1998 to 2017 were used. The IHACRES model has two parts: the first part, which converts precipitation into effective precipitation at each time stage and the second part, which converts effective precipitation into modeled flow. These sections are called nonlinear and linear modules, respectively. To implement each of the sections of nonlinear modules and linear modules according to the data and conditions in the study area, methods with different parameters can be used. In this research, in the non-linear module section, the "CWI" method and in the linear module section, "ARMAX" and "EXPUH" methods have been used for proper routing in the "reverse" calibration section. In the validation section of the "ls" method, the performance criteria of KGE, NS and R2 were used to evaluate the performance of the model in both calibration and validation process. Result and Discussion Comparison of obtained results in this study with previous studies showed that in terms of examining the performance of the model with the EXPUH linear method, the obtained results were consistent with the results of Sadeghi et al. (2015) and Lotfi Rad et al. (2015) and the model with the EXPUH linear method. The NS criteria has shown acceptable performance. According to the results of the model in the calibration section, in terms of evaluation criteria NS, KGE and R2, and in terms of simulation of peak flow values and the time to peak using EXPUH method in the linear part showed better performance than ARMAX method. The value of these criteria in EXPUH method is equal to 0. 86, 0. 93, and 0. 86, and in ARMAX method are equal to 0. 7, 0. 85 and 0. 73, respectively. In the validation section, the evaluation criteria in EXPUH method were equal to 0. 51, 0. 63, and 0. 54 and in ARMAX method were equal to 0. 55, 0. 73 and 0. 65, respectively, indicating better performance of the model by ARMAX method. Comparison of the EXPUH method, and also the model with ARMAX method showed more accurate performance in terms of peak discharges, quantity and time of occurrence. The values of NS, KGE and R2 evaluation criteria in this section were 0. 51, 0. 63, and 0. 54 using EXPUH method and 0. 55, 0. 73 and 0. 65 with ARMAX method, respectively. Conclusion According to the results, the IHACRES model using ARMAX method in the linear section resulted in more accurate performance than EXPUH method in simulation of peak flow values and time to peak.

Because of Sub -Tropical high Pressure Influence, arid regions such as steppes, deserts and Kewir extanded in the most parts of Iran. Human destructive function also intensified under these conditions. On the other hand, importance of the desertic and steppic regions in Iran must be cosidered to undrestand ecological environments. Under human preSSl,lrep,lant and animal ecologyhad a retrogradation. In Rood - e - shoor basin, study of ecosystem, specially with intensive vegetation and interesting food chains, immigrant birds, must be on priority. Sweeping, rubbish and also invasion of dangerous insects are essential impacts on environment and also on human in this studied area.

Arid and semi arid ecosystems of Iran are exposed to anthropogenic degradation and conservation programs require the study of vegetation population and environmental factors in order to rehabilitation. The study area covers more than 29291.3 hectares of north of Kerman province. The method of Physionomic-floristic-ecologic was used to separate different vegetation populations and the random walk sampling method was used for sampling. The 1010´m (100 m2) quadrates were applied to estimate vegetation cover, litter, stone and bare soil cover. The physographic and climatic maps together with soil maps were prepared and the habitats of different vegetation types were prepared. The habitats are arranged in mosaic forms and make ecoton areas and increase diversity. Alhagi pseudoalhagi,Amygdalus scoparia,Artemisia sieberi,Lymonium iranicum, Petropyrum oucheri, Zygophylum eurypterum ,Tamarix sp There are 12 distinct vegetation populations including: Alhagi pseudoalhagi, Amygdalus scoparia,Artemisia sieberi, Lymonium iranicum, Petropyrum oucheri, Zygophylum eurypterum ,Tamarix sp.

Industrial activities lead to an increase in heavy metal burden in rivers. Sediment and algae (Spirogyra sp.) samples were collected from the Shoor River to investigate their heavy metal concentrations. Dry and ashed samples of algae and sediment were digested using concentrated nitric acid. Heavy metals (As, Fe, Zn and Cr) concentration measured using an ICP-OES instrument (PerkinElmer, USA). Calculation of bioaccumulation factor (BAF) showed Spirogyra sp. can accumulate these metals and could be used as their bioindicator in the aquatic environment. Monitoring and control of heavy metals in this ecosystem was showed to be necessary based on high concentrations of the metals found in the sediment samples.

Soil erosion on upland areas is a highly complex phenomenon. The reflection of effects of such feature on sloping surfaces results in many complicated processes. If semi-arid conditions are dominat in these areas, linear erosion forms are as gullies, rills and ravine types.Sloping surface in the uplands with semi-arid climate are very sensitive to environment disturbance and soil texture type intensifies erosion. Gullies are sensitive to ranges of environmental disturbance so they can provide insight into environmental changes. Shoor river catchment (located from 36o 5’ to 37o 20’ N and from 46o 43’ to 47o 15’ E) in recent times is experiencing many changes in sloping surfaces.This article is concerned with the investigation and analyzing of erosion factors. Universal Erosion Models (USLE) are used in the area and the area was zonned by GIS. The results of study suggest that slope and soil textural type play major roles in soil erosion increment.The results of field study show that people's impact on slope surfaces is very intensive and also these results show that the decrease of plant covers has important role in the formation and development of many types of erosion. In the recent times, the development of deep gully and the amount of rill depths is high. These changes are important reasons for the increase of amount of sediment and their deposition on floodplains and also behind the dams.

Water resources scarcity and increasing demand have led to unbalanced supply-demand in the watersheds and water systems. Therefore, planning for efficient allocation has been a matter of importance. To resolve water allocation problems, various models and tools have been developed. Selection of these models is also another issue that needs to be done by an holistic approach. WEAP and MIKE BASIN are two of the well known models in this regard and comparison of their abilities construct objective of the present paper. To do this, capabilities and features of the two models were firstly outlined. Then in two assumptive examples, models were compared based on priority-base allocation and reservoir operation. Furthermore, models ran for a part of Talvar River as one of the main tributaries of the Ghezelozan River. This system consists of ten water demand nodes (domestic and agriculture) and three reservoirs. The results showed that in the priority-base allocation the performances were different, but they were identical in the operation rules and reservoir simulation. The results of reliability index showed that MIKE BASIN simulation matched better with reality due to their ability to extract more water. While, WEAP showed better results for optimization and even distribution of deficits among nodes.

Seed priming is one of the seed improvement methods that could increase seed performance (germination and emergence) under stress conditions, such as salinity, temperature and drought stress. In order to study the effect of seed priming on seed germination index and some physiological properties of sweet corn in different levels of salinity, an experiment conducted based on completely randomized design with factorial arrangement with three replications. Sweet corn grain was primed with 2% potassium chloride, 3% potassium nitrate, polyethylene glycol (8000) 10%, potassium dehydrogenate phosphate 1% and one treatment as a control at 20oC for 24 hours and then primed grain were treated with four levels of NaCl concentration (0, 50, 100,150, mM). Results showed that seed priming and salinity had significant effect on germination rate, germination percent and some antioxidants such as catalase and peroxidase. In general, results of this experiment revealed that seed priming improved the seed vigor and increased resistance to salinity stress at germination stage.